Audio Output Devices API

Operating systems commonly allow users to specify that audio should be played from speakers, a Bluetooth headset, or some other audio output device. This API allows applications to provide this same functionality from within a web page.

Even if allowed by a permission policy, access to a particular audio output device still requires explicit user permission, as the user may be in a location where playing audio through some output devices is not appropriate.

The API provides the MediaDevices.selectAudioOutput() method that allows users to select their desired audio output from those that are allowed by the speaker-selection directive of the Permissions-Policy HTTP header for the document. The selected device then has user permission, allowing it to be enumerated with MediaDevices.enumerateDevices() and set as the audio output device using HTMLMediaElement.setSinkId().

Audio devices may arbitrarily connect and disconnect. Applications that wish to react to this kind of change can listen to the devicechange event and use enumerateDevices() to determine if sinkId is present in the returned devices. This might trigger, for example, pausing or unpausing playback.

The Audio Output Devices API extends the following APIs, adding the listed features:

MediaDevices

MediaDevices.selectAudioOutput()

This method prompts the user to select a specific audio output device, for example a speaker or headset. Selecting a device grants user permission to use that device and returns information about the device, including its ID.

HTMLMediaElement

HTMLMediaElement.setSinkId()

This method sets the ID of the audio device to use for output, which will be used if permitted.

HTMLMediaElement.sinkId

This property returns the unique ID of the audio device being used for output, or an empty string if the default user agent device is being used.

Access to the API is subject to the following constraints:

• All methods and properties may only be called in a secure context.
• MediaDevices.selectAudioOutput() grants user permission for a selected device to be used as the audio output sink:
  • Access may be gated by the speaker-selection HTTP Permission Policy.
  • Transient user activation is required. The user has to interact with the page or a UI element for the method to be called.
• HTMLMediaElement.setSinkId() sets a permitted ID as the audio output:
  • Access may be gated by the speaker-selection HTTP Permission Policy.
  • User permission is required to set a non-default device ID.
    • This can come from selection in the prompt launched by MediaDevices.selectAudioOutput()
    • User permission to set the output device is also implicitly granted if the user has already granted permission to use a media input device in the same group with MediaDevices.getUserMedia().

Here's an example of using selectAudioOutput(), within a function that is triggered by a button click, and then setting the selected device as the audio output.

The code first checks if selectAudioOutput() is supported, and if it is, uses it to select an output and return a device ID. We then play some audio using the default output, and then call setSinkId() in order to switch to the selected output device.

document.querySelector("#myButton").addEventListener("click", async () => {
  if (!navigator.mediaDevices.selectAudioOutput) {
    console.log("selectAudioOutput() not supported or not in secure context.");
    return;
  }

  // Display prompt to select device
  const audioDevice = await navigator.mediaDevices.selectAudioOutput();

  // Create an audio element and start playing audio on the default device
  const audio = document.createElement("audio");
  audio.src = "https://example.com/audio.mp3";
  audio.play();

  // Change the sink to the selected audio output device.
  audio.setSinkId(audioDevice.deviceId);
});

Note that if you log the output details, they might look something like this:

console.log(
  `${audioDevice.kind}: ${audioDevice.label} id = ${audioDevice.deviceId}`,
);
// audiooutput: Realtek Digital Output (Realtek(R) Audio) id = 0wE6fURSZ20H0N2NbxqgowQJLWbwo+5ablCVVJwRM3k=