# Class yii\db\ActiveQuery

Inheritance | yii\db\ActiveQuery » yii\db\Query » yii\base\Component » yii\base\BaseObject
Implements | yii\base\Configurable, yii\db\ActiveQueryInterface, yii\db\ExpressionInterface, yii\db\QueryInterface
Uses Traits | yii\db\ActiveQueryTrait, yii\db\ActiveRelationTrait, yii\db\QueryTrait
Available since version | 2.0
Source Code | https://github.com/yiisoft/yii2/blob/master/framework/db/ActiveQuery.php

ActiveQuery represents a DB query associated with an Active Record class.

An ActiveQuery can be a normal query or be used in a relational context.

ActiveQuery instances are usually created by yii\db\ActiveRecord::find() and yii\db\ActiveRecord::findBySql(). Relational queries are created by yii\db\ActiveRecord::hasOne() and yii\db\ActiveRecord::hasMany().

## Normal Query ¶

ActiveQuery mainly provides the following methods to retrieve the query results:

- one(): returns a single record populated with the first row of data.
- all(): returns all records based on the query results.
- count(): returns the number of records.
- sum(): returns the sum over the specified column.
- average(): returns the average over the specified column.
- min(): returns the min over the specified column.
- max(): returns the max over the specified column.
- scalar(): returns the value of the first column in the first row of the query result.
- column(): returns the value of the first column in the query result.
- exists(): returns a value indicating whether the query result has data or not.

Because ActiveQuery extends from yii\db\Query, one can use query methods, such as where(), orderBy() to customize the query options.

ActiveQuery also provides the following additional query options:

- with(): list of relations that this query should be performed with.
- joinWith(): reuse a relation query definition to add a join to a query.
- indexBy(): the name of the column by which the query result should be indexed.
- asArray(): whether to return each record as an array.

These options can be configured using methods of the same name. For example:

    $customers = Customer::find()->with('orders')->asArray()->all();

## Relational query ¶

In relational context ActiveQuery represents a relation between two Active Record classes.

Relational ActiveQuery instances are usually created by calling yii\db\ActiveRecord::hasOne() and yii\db\ActiveRecord::hasMany(). An Active Record class declares a relation by defining a getter method which calls one of the above methods and returns the created ActiveQuery object.

A relation is specified by $link which represents the association between columns of different tables; and the multiplicity of the relation is indicated by $multiple.

If a relation involves a junction table, it may be specified by via() or viaTable() method. These methods may only be called in a relational context. Same is true for inverseOf(), which marks a relation as inverse of another relation and onCondition() which adds a condition that is to be added to relational query join condition.

## Public Properties

Hide inherited properties

Property | Type | Description | Defined By
--- | --- | --- | ---
$asArray | boolean | Whether to return each record as an array. | yii\db\ActiveQueryTrait
$behaviors | yii\base\Behavior[] | List of behaviors attached to this component. This property is read-only. | yii\base\Component
$distinct | boolean | Whether to select distinct rows of data only. | yii\db\Query
$emulateExecution | boolean | Whether to emulate the actual query execution, returning empty or false results. | yii\db\QueryTrait
$from | array | The table(s) to be selected from. | yii\db\Query
$groupBy | array | How to group the query results. | yii\db\Query
$having | string|array|yii\db\ExpressionInterface | The condition to be applied in the GROUP BY clause. | yii\db\Query
$indexBy | string|callable | The name of the column by which the query results should be indexed by. | yii\db\QueryTrait
$inverseOf | string | The name of the relation that is the inverse of this relation. | yii\db\ActiveRelationTrait
$join | array | How to join with other tables. | yii\db\Query
$joinWith | array | A list of relations that this query should be joined with | yii\db\ActiveQuery
$limit | integer|yii\db\ExpressionInterface | Maximum number of records to be returned. | yii\db\QueryTrait
$link | array | The columns of the primary and foreign tables that establish a relation. | yii\db\ActiveRelationTrait
$modelClass | string | The name of the ActiveRecord class. | yii\db\ActiveQueryTrait
$multiple | boolean | Whether this query represents a relation to more than one record. | yii\db\ActiveRelationTrait
$offset | integer|yii\db\ExpressionInterface | Zero-based offset from where the records are to be returned. | yii\db\QueryTrait
$on | string|array | The join condition to be used when this query is used in a relational context. | yii\db\ActiveQuery
$orderBy | array | How to sort the query results. | yii\db\QueryTrait
$params | array | List of query parameter values indexed by parameter placeholders. | yii\db\Query
$primaryModel | yii\db\ActiveRecord | The primary model of a relational query. | yii\db\ActiveRelationTrait
$queryCacheDependency | yii\caching\Dependency | The dependency to be associated with the cached query result for this query | yii\db\Query
$queryCacheDuration | integer|true | The default number of seconds that query results can remain valid in cache. | yii\db\Query
$select | array | The columns being selected. | yii\db\Query
$selectOption | string | Additional option that should be appended to the 'SELECT' keyword. | yii\db\Query
$sql | string | The SQL statement to be executed for retrieving AR records. | yii\db\ActiveQuery
$tablesUsedInFrom | string[] | Table names indexed by aliases. This property is read-only. | yii\db\Query
$union | array | This is used to construct the UNION clause(s) in a SQL statement. | yii\db\Query
$via | array|object | The query associated with the junction table. | yii\db\ActiveRelationTrait
$where | string|array|yii\db\ExpressionInterface | Query condition. | yii\db\QueryTrait
$with | array | A list of relations that this query should be performed with | yii\db\ActiveQueryTrait
$withQueries | array | This is used to construct the WITH section in a SQL query. | yii\db\Query

## Public Methods

Hide inherited methods

Method | Description | Defined By
--- | --- | ---
() | ActiveRecordInterface[] all($db = null) | yii\db\ActiveRelationTrait
__call() | Calls the named method which is not a class method. | yii\base\Component
__clone() | Clones internal objects. | yii\db\ActiveRelationTrait
__construct() | Constructor. | yii\db\ActiveQuery
__get() | Returns the value of a component property. | yii\base\Component
__isset() | Checks if a property is set, i.e. defined and not null. | yii\base\Component
__set() | Sets the value of a component property. | yii\base\Component
__toString() | Returns the SQL representation of Query | yii\db\Query
__unset() | Sets a component property to be null. | yii\base\Component
addGroupBy() | Adds additional group-by columns to the existing ones. | yii\db\Query
addOrderBy() | Adds additional ORDER BY columns to the query. | yii\db\QueryTrait
addParams() | Adds additional parameters to be bound to the query. | yii\db\Query
addSelect() | Add more columns to the SELECT part of the query. | yii\db\Query
alias() | Define an alias for the table defined in $modelClass. | yii\db\ActiveQuery
all() | Executes query and returns all results as an array. | yii\db\ActiveQuery
andFilterCompare() | Adds a filtering condition for a specific column and allow the user to choose a filter operator. | yii\db\Query
andFilterHaving() | Adds an additional HAVING condition to the existing one but ignores empty operands. | yii\db\Query
andFilterWhere() | Adds an additional WHERE condition to the existing one but ignores empty operands. | yii\db\QueryTrait
andHaving() | Adds an additional HAVING condition to the existing one. | yii\db\Query
andOnCondition() | Adds an additional ON condition to the existing one. | yii\db\ActiveQuery
andWhere() | Adds an additional WHERE condition to the existing one. | yii\db\QueryTrait
asArray() | Sets the asArray() property. | yii\db\ActiveQueryTrait
attachBehavior() | Attaches a behavior to this component. | yii\base\Component
attachBehaviors() | Attaches a list of behaviors to the component. | yii\base\Component
average() | Returns the average of the specified column values. | yii\db\Query
batch() | Starts a batch query. | yii\db\Query
behaviors() | Returns a list of behaviors that this component should behave as. | yii\base\Component
cache() | Enables query cache for this Query. | yii\db\Query
canGetProperty() | Returns a value indicating whether a property can be read. | yii\base\Component
canSetProperty() | Returns a value indicating whether a property can be set. | yii\base\Component
className() | Returns the fully qualified name of this class. | yii\base\BaseObject
column() | Executes the query and returns the first column of the result. | yii\db\Query
count() | Returns the number of records. | yii\db\Query
create() | Creates a new Query object and copies its property values from an existing one. | yii\db\Query
createCommand() | Creates a DB command that can be used to execute this query. | yii\db\ActiveQuery
detachBehavior() | Detaches a behavior from the component. | yii\base\Component
detachBehaviors() | Detaches all behaviors from the component. | yii\base\Component
distinct() | Sets the value indicating whether to SELECT DISTINCT or not. | yii\db\Query
each() | Starts a batch query and retrieves data row by row. | yii\db\Query
emulateExecution() | Sets whether to emulate query execution, preventing any interaction with data storage. | yii\db\QueryTrait
ensureBehaviors() | Makes sure that the behaviors declared in behaviors() are attached to this component. | yii\base\Component
exists() | Returns a value indicating whether the query result contains any row of data. | yii\db\Query
filterHaving() | Sets the HAVING part of the query but ignores empty operands. | yii\db\Query
filterWhere() | Sets the WHERE part of the query but ignores empty operands. | yii\db\QueryTrait
findFor() | Finds the related records for the specified primary record. | yii\db\ActiveRelationTrait
findWith() | Finds records corresponding to one or multiple relations and populates them into the primary models. | yii\db\ActiveQueryTrait
from() | Sets the FROM part of the query. | yii\db\Query
getBehavior() | Returns the named behavior object. | yii\base\Component
getBehaviors() | Returns all behaviors attached to this component. | yii\base\Component
getTablesUsedInFrom() | Returns table names used in from() indexed by aliases. | yii\db\ActiveQuery
groupBy() | Sets the GROUP BY part of the query. | yii\db\Query
hasEventHandlers() | Returns a value indicating whether there is any handler attached to the named event. | yii\base\Component
hasMethod() | Returns a value indicating whether a method is defined. | yii\base\Component
hasProperty() | Returns a value indicating whether a property is defined for this component. | yii\base\Component
having() | Sets the HAVING part of the query. | yii\db\Query
indexBy() | Sets the indexBy() property. | yii\db\QueryTrait
init() | Initializes the object. | yii\db\ActiveQuery
innerJoin() | Appends an INNER JOIN part to the query. | yii\db\Query
innerJoinWith() | Inner joins with the specified relations. | yii\db\ActiveQuery
inverseOf() | Sets the name of the relation that is the inverse of this relation. | yii\db\ActiveRelationTrait
join() | Appends a JOIN part to the query. | yii\db\Query
joinWith() | Joins with the specified relations. | yii\db\ActiveQuery
leftJoin() | Appends a LEFT OUTER JOIN part to the query. | yii\db\Query
limit() | Sets the LIMIT part of the query. | yii\db\QueryTrait
max() | Returns the maximum of the specified column values. | yii\db\Query
min() | Returns the minimum of the specified column values. | yii\db\Query
noCache() | Disables query cache for this Query. | yii\db\Query
off() | Detaches an existing event handler from this component. | yii\base\Component
offset() | Sets the OFFSET part of the query. | yii\db\QueryTrait
on() | Attaches an event handler to an event. | yii\base\Component
onCondition() | Sets the ON condition for a relational query. | yii\db\ActiveQuery
one() | Executes query and returns a single row of result. | yii\db\ActiveQuery
orFilterHaving() | Adds an additional HAVING condition to the existing one but ignores empty operands. | yii\db\Query
orFilterWhere() | Adds an additional WHERE condition to the existing one but ignores empty operands. | yii\db\QueryTrait
orHaving() | Adds an additional HAVING condition to the existing one. | yii\db\Query
orOnCondition() | Adds an additional ON condition to the existing one. | yii\db\ActiveQuery
orWhere() | Adds an additional WHERE condition to the existing one. | yii\db\QueryTrait
orderBy() | Sets the ORDER BY part of the query. | yii\db\QueryTrait
params() | Sets the parameters to be bound to the query. | yii\db\Query
populate() | Converts the raw query results into the format as specified by this query. | yii\db\ActiveQuery
populateRelation() | Finds the related records and populates them into the primary models. | yii\db\ActiveRelationTrait
prepare() | Prepares for building SQL. | yii\db\ActiveQuery
rightJoin() | Appends a RIGHT OUTER JOIN part to the query. | yii\db\Query
scalar() | Returns the query result as a scalar value. | yii\db\Query
select() | Sets the SELECT part of the query. | yii\db\Query
sum() | Returns the sum of the specified column values. | yii\db\Query
trigger() | Triggers an event. | yii\base\Component
union() | Appends a SQL statement using UNION operator. | yii\db\Query
via() | Specifies the relation associated with the junction table. | yii\db\ActiveRelationTrait
viaTable() | Specifies the junction table for a relational query. | yii\db\ActiveQuery
where() | Sets the WHERE part of the query. | yii\db\QueryTrait
with() | Specifies the relations with which this query should be performed. | yii\db\ActiveQueryTrait
withQuery() | Prepends a SQL statement using WITH syntax. | yii\db\Query

## Protected Methods

Hide inherited methods

Method | Description | Defined By
--- | --- | ---
cleanUpTableNames() | Clean up table names and aliases Both aliases and names are enclosed into {{ and }}. | yii\db\Query
createModels() | Converts found rows into model instances. | yii\db\ActiveQueryTrait
filterCondition() | Removes empty operands from the given query condition. | yii\db\QueryTrait
getPrimaryTableName() |  | yii\db\ActiveQuery
getTableNameAndAlias() | Returns the table name and the table alias for $modelClass. | yii\db\ActiveQuery
getUnaliasedColumnsFromSelect() |  | yii\db\Query
getUniqueColumns() | Returns unique column names excluding duplicates. | yii\db\Query
isEmpty() | Returns a value indicating whether the give value is "empty". | yii\db\QueryTrait
normalizeOrderBy() | Normalizes format of ORDER BY data. | yii\db\QueryTrait
normalizeSelect() | Normalizes the SELECT columns passed to select() or addSelect(). | yii\db\Query
queryScalar() | Queries a scalar value by setting select() first. | yii\db\ActiveQuery
setCommandCache() | Sets $command cache, if this query has enabled caching. | yii\db\Query

## Events

Hide inherited events

Event | Type | Description | Defined By
--- | --- | --- | ---
EVENT_INIT | \yii\db\Event | An event that is triggered when the query is initialized via init(). | yii\db\ActiveQuery

## Property Details

$joinWith public property

A list of relations that this query should be joined with

public array $joinWith = null
$on public property

The join condition to be used when this query is used in a relational context. The condition will be used in the ON part when yii\db\ActiveQuery::joinWith() is called. Otherwise, the condition will be used in the WHERE part of a query. Please refer to yii\db\Query::where() on how to specify this parameter.

See also onCondition().

public string|array $on = null
$sql public property

The SQL statement to be executed for retrieving AR records. This is set by yii\db\ActiveRecord::findBySql().

public string $sql = null

## Method Details

__construct() public method

Constructor.

public void __construct ( $modelClass, $config = [] )
$modelClass | string | The model class associated with this query
$config | array | Configurations to be applied to the newly created query object

alias() public method (available since version 2.0.7)

Define an alias for the table defined in $modelClass.

This method will adjust from() so that an already defined alias will be overwritten. If none was defined, from() will be populated with the given alias.

public $this alias ( $alias )
$alias | string | The table alias.
return | $this | The query object itself

all() public method

Executes query and returns all results as an array.

public array|yii\db\ActiveRecord[] all ( $db = null )
$db | yii\db\Connection | The DB connection used to create the DB command. If null, the DB connection returned by $modelClass will be used.
return | array|yii\db\ActiveRecord[] | The query results. If the query results in nothing, an empty array will be returned.

andOnCondition() public method

Adds an additional ON condition to the existing one.

The new condition and the existing one will be joined using the 'AND' operator.

See also:

- onCondition()
- orOnCondition()

public $this andOnCondition ( $condition, $params = [] )
$condition | string|array | The new ON condition. Please refer to where() on how to specify this parameter.
$params | array | The parameters (name => value) to be bound to the query.
return | $this | The query object itself

createCommand() public method

Creates a DB command that can be used to execute this query.

public yii\db\Command createCommand ( $db = null )
$db | yii\db\Connection|null | The DB connection used to create the DB command. If `null`, the DB connection returned by $modelClass will be used.
return | yii\db\Command | The created DB command instance.

getPrimaryTableName() protected method (available since version 2.0.12)

protected string getPrimaryTableName ( )
return | string | Primary table name

getTableNameAndAlias() protected method (available since version 2.0.16)

Returns the table name and the table alias for $modelClass.

protected array getTableNameAndAlias ( )
return | array | The table name and the table alias.

getTablesUsedInFrom() public method (available since version 2.0.12)

Returns table names used in from() indexed by aliases.

Both aliases and names are enclosed into {{ and }}.

public string[] getTablesUsedInFrom ( )
return | string[] | Table names indexed by aliases
throws | yii\base\InvalidConfigException |

init() public method

Initializes the object.

This method is called at the end of the constructor. The default implementation will trigger an EVENT_INIT event. If you override this method, make sure you call the parent implementation at the end to ensure triggering of the event.

public void init ( )

innerJoinWith() public method

Inner joins with the specified relations.

This is a shortcut method to joinWith() with the join type set as "INNER JOIN". Please refer to joinWith() for detailed usage of this method.

See also joinWith().

public $this innerJoinWith ( $with, $eagerLoading = true )
$with | string|array | The relations to be joined with.
$eagerLoading | boolean|array | Whether to eager load the relations. Note, that this does not mean, that the relations are populated from the query result. An extra query will still be performed to bring in the related data.
return | $this | The query object itself

joinWith() public method

Joins with the specified relations.

This method allows you to reuse existing relation definitions to perform JOIN queries. Based on the definition of the specified relation(s), the method will append one or multiple JOIN statements to the current query.

If the `$eagerLoading` parameter is true, the method will also perform eager loading for the specified relations, which is equivalent to calling with() using the specified relations.

Note that because a JOIN query will be performed, you are responsible to disambiguate column names.

This method differs from with() in that it will build up and execute a JOIN SQL statement for the primary table. And when `$eagerLoading` is true, it will call with() in addition with the specified relations.

public $this joinWith ( $with, $eagerLoading = true, $joinType = 'LEFT JOIN' )

$with

string|array

The relations to be joined. This can either be a string, representing a relation name or an array with the following semantics:

- Each array element represents a single relation.
- You may specify the relation name as the array key and provide an anonymous functions that can be used to modify the relation queries on-the-fly as the array value.
- If a relation query does not need modification, you may use the relation name as the array value.

The relation name may optionally contain an alias for the relation table (e.g. `books b`).

Sub-relations can also be specified, see with() for the syntax.

In the following you find some examples:

    // find all orders that contain books, and eager loading "books"
    Order::find()->joinWith('books', true, 'INNER JOIN')->all();
    // find all orders, eager loading "books", and sort the orders and books by the book names.
    Order::find()->joinWith([
        'books' => function (\yii\db\ActiveQuery $query) {
            $query->orderBy('item.name');
        }
    ])->all();
    // find all orders that contain books of the category 'Science fiction', using the alias "b" for the books table
    Order::find()->joinWith(['books b'], true, 'INNER JOIN')->where(['b.category' => 'Science fiction'])->all();

The alias syntax is available since version 2.0.7.

$eagerLoading

boolean|array

Whether to eager load the relations specified in `$with`. When this is a boolean, it applies to all relations specified in `$with`. Use an array to explicitly list which relations in `$with` need to be eagerly loaded. Note, that this does not mean, that the relations are populated from the query result. An extra query will still be performed to bring in the related data. Defaults to `true`.

$joinType | string|array | The join type of the relations specified in `$with`. When this is a string, it applies to all relations specified in `$with`. Use an array in the format of `relationName => joinType` to specify different join types for different relations.
return | $this | The query object itself

onCondition() public method

Sets the ON condition for a relational query.

The condition will be used in the ON part when yii\db\ActiveQuery::joinWith() is called. Otherwise, the condition will be used in the WHERE part of a query.

Use this method to specify additional conditions when declaring a relation in the yii\db\ActiveRecord class:

    public function getActiveUsers()
    {
        return $this->hasMany(User::className(), ['id' => 'user_id'])
                    ->onCondition(['active' => true]);
    }

Note that this condition is applied in case of a join as well as when fetching the related records. Thus only fields of the related table can be used in the condition. Trying to access fields of the primary record will cause an error in a non-join-query.

public $this onCondition ( $condition, $params = [] )
$condition | string|array | The ON condition. Please refer to yii\db\Query::where() on how to specify this parameter.
$params | array | The parameters (name => value) to be bound to the query.
return | $this | The query object itself

one() public method

Executes query and returns a single row of result.

public yii\db\ActiveRecord|array|null one ( $db = null )
$db | yii\db\Connection|null | The DB connection used to create the DB command. If `null`, the DB connection returned by $modelClass will be used.
return | yii\db\ActiveRecord|array|null | A single row of query result. Depending on the setting of asArray(), the query result may be either an array or an ActiveRecord object. `null` will be returned if the query results in nothing.

orOnCondition() public method

Adds an additional ON condition to the existing one.

The new condition and the existing one will be joined using the 'OR' operator.

See also:

- onCondition()
- andOnCondition()

public $this orOnCondition ( $condition, $params = [] )
$condition | string|array | The new ON condition. Please refer to where() on how to specify this parameter.
$params | array | The parameters (name => value) to be bound to the query.
return | $this | The query object itself

populate() public method

Converts the raw query results into the format as specified by this query.

This method is internally used to convert the data fetched from database into the format as required by this query.

public array populate ( $rows )
$rows | array | The raw query result from database
return | array | The converted query result

prepare() public method

Prepares for building SQL.

This method is called by yii\db\QueryBuilder when it starts to build SQL from a query object. You may override this method to do some final preparation work when converting a query into a SQL statement.

public $this prepare ( $builder )
$builder | yii\db\QueryBuilder |
return | $this | A prepared query instance which will be used by yii\db\QueryBuilder to build the SQL

queryScalar() protected method

Queries a scalar value by setting select() first.

Restores the value of select to make this query reusable.

protected boolean|string queryScalar ( $selectExpression, $db )
$selectExpression | string|yii\db\ExpressionInterface |
$db | yii\db\Connection|null |

viaTable() public method

Specifies the junction table for a relational query.

Use this method to specify a junction table when declaring a relation in the yii\db\ActiveRecord class:

    public function getItems()
    {
        return $this->hasMany(Item::className(), ['id' => 'item_id'])
                    ->viaTable('order_item', ['order_id' => 'id']);
    }

See also via().

public $this viaTable ( $tableName, $link, callable $callable = null )
$tableName | string | The name of the junction table.
$link | array | The link between the junction table and the table associated with $primaryModel. The keys of the array represent the columns in the junction table, and the values represent the columns in the $primaryModel table.
$callable | callable | A PHP callback for customizing the relation associated with the junction table. Its signature should be `function($query)`, where `$query` is the query to be customized.
return | $this | The query object itself
throws | yii\base\InvalidConfigException | when query is not initialized properly

## Event Details

EVENT_INIT event of type \yii\db\Event

An event that is triggered when the query is initialized via init().