If you want using PL/SQL in variable:
<?php
$query = "begin null; end;";
$stid = oci_parse($conn, "$query");
?>
or
<?php
$stid = oci_parse($conn, "begin null; end;");
?>
(PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8, PECL OCI8 >= 1.1.0)
oci_parse — Prepares an Oracle statement for execution
Prepares sql using
connection and returns the statement identifier,
which can be used with oci_bind_by_name(),
oci_execute() and other functions.
Statement identifiers can be freed
with oci_free_statement() or by setting the
variable to null.
connectionAn Oracle connection identifier, returned by oci_connect(), oci_pconnect(), or oci_new_connect().
sqlThe SQL or PL/SQL statement.
SQL statements should not end with a semi-colon (";"). PL/SQL statements should end with a semi-colon (";").
Returns a statement handle on success, or false on error.
Example #1 oci_parse() example for SQL statements
<?php
$conn = oci_connect('hr', 'welcome', 'localhost/XE');
// Parse the statement. Note there is no final semi-colon in the SQL statement
$stid = oci_parse($conn, 'SELECT * FROM employees');
oci_execute($stid);
echo "<table border='1'>\n";
while ($row = oci_fetch_array($stid, OCI_ASSOC+OCI_RETURN_NULLS)) {
echo "<tr>\n";
foreach ($row as $item) {
echo " <td>" . ($item !== null ? htmlentities($item, ENT_QUOTES) : " ") . "</td>\n";
}
echo "</tr>\n";
}
echo "</table>\n";
?>
Example #2 oci_parse() example for PL/SQL statements
<?php
/*
Before running the PHP program, create a stored procedure in
SQL*Plus or SQL Developer:
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE myproc(p1 IN NUMBER, p2 OUT NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
p2 := p1 * 2;
END;
*/
$conn = oci_connect('hr', 'welcome', 'localhost/XE');
if (!$conn) {
$e = oci_error();
trigger_error(htmlentities($e['message'], ENT_QUOTES), E_USER_ERROR);
}
$p1 = 8;
// When parsing PL/SQL programs, there should be a final semi-colon in the string
$stid = oci_parse($conn, 'begin myproc(:p1, :p2); end;');
oci_bind_by_name($stid, ':p1', $p1);
oci_bind_by_name($stid, ':p2', $p2, 40);
oci_execute($stid);
print "$p2\n"; // prints 16
oci_free_statement($stid);
oci_close($conn);
?>Note:
This function does not validate
sql. The only way to find out ifsqlis a valid SQL or PL/SQL statement is to execute it.
If you want using PL/SQL in variable:
<?php
$query = "begin null; end;";
$stid = oci_parse($conn, "$query");
?>
or
<?php
$stid = oci_parse($conn, "begin null; end;");
?>A neat way to parse a query only once per script, if the query is done inside a function:
<?php
function querySomething($conn, $id)
{
static $stmt;
if (is_null($stmt)) {
$stmt = oci_parse($conn, 'select * from t where pk = :id');
}
oci_bind_by_name($stmt, ':id', $id, -1);
oci_execute($stmt, OCI_DEFAULT);
return oci_fetch_array($stmt, OCI_ASSOC);
}
?>
With the static variable, the statment handle isn't closed after the function has terminated. Very nice for functions that are called e.g. in loops. Unfortunately this only works for static sql. If you have dynamic sql, you can do the following:
<?php
function querySomething($conn, $data)
{
static $stmt = array();
$first = true;
$query = 'select * from t';
foreach ($data as $key => $value) {
if ($first) {
$first = false;
$query .= ' where ';
} else {
$query .= ' and ';
}
$query .= "$key = :b$key";
}
$queryhash = md5($query);
if (is_null($stmt[$queryhash])) {
$stmt[$queryhash] = oci_parse($conn, $query);
}
foreach ($data as $key => $value) {
// don't use $value, because we bind memory addresses here.
// this would result in every bind pointing at the same value after foreach
oci_bind_by_name($stmt[$queryhash], ":b$key", $data[$key], -1);
}
oci_execute($stmt[$queryhash], OCI_DEFAULT);
return oci_fetch_array($stmt[$queryhash], OCI_ASSOC);
}
?>For those that are having trouble with error checking, i have noticed on a lot of sites that people are trying to check the statement handle for error messages with OCIParse. Since the statement handle ($sth) is not created yet, you need to check the database handle ($dbh) for any errors with OCIParse. For example:
instead of:
<?php
$stmt = OCIParse($conn, $query);
if (!$stmt) {
$oerr = OCIError($stmt);
echo "Fetch Code 1:".$oerr["message"];
exit;
}
?>
use:
<?php
$stmt = OCIParse($conn, $query);
if (!$stmt) {
$oerr = OCIError($conn);
echo "Fetch Code 1:".$oerr["message"];
exit;
}
?>
Hope this helps someone.Whereas MySQL doesn't care what kind of quotes are around a LIKE clause, ociexecute gives the error:
ociexecute(): OCIStmtExecute: ORA-00904: "NM": invalid identifier
for the following.
<?php
$sql = "SELECT * FROM addresses "
. "WHERE state LIKE \"NM\""; // error!
$stmt = ociparse($conn, $sql);
ociexecute($stmt);
?>
it's fine if you just use single quotes:
. "WHERE state LIKE 'NM'";
but i think it's interesting that ociparse doesn't say anythingWhen you want to call stored function (and want to read its result) which executes DML queries (insert, update, delete) inside its body you can't use "select your_stored_function(:param1, :param2) from dual" because you will receive "ORA-14551: cannot perform a DML operation inside a query" error.
In order to call such function and get its result you need to wrap it into nested procedure with OUT parameter like this:
DECLARE
PROCEDURE caller(return_value OUT NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
return_value := your_stored_function(:param1, :param2);
END;
BEGIN
caller(:return_value);
END;
and bind to :return_value variable to get the result of function.